Git Essentials

Setup

git config --global user.name "Your Name"
git config --global user.email "you@example.com"

Daily Workflow

git status                    # what changed?
git add <file>                # stage a specific file
git add .                     # stage all changes
git commit -m "message"       # commit staged changes
git push                      # push to remote
git pull                      # pull latest from remote

Branches

git branch                    # list all branches
git branch <name>             # create a new branch
git switch <name>             # switch to branch
git switch -c <name>          # create and switch in one step
git merge <name>              # merge branch into current
git branch -d <name>          # delete a merged branch (safe)
git branch -D <name>          # force-delete a branch

Stash

git stash                     # stash all uncommitted changes
git stash pop                 # restore and remove last stash
git stash list                # show all stashes
git stash drop                # discard last stash

Undo

git restore <file>            # discard unstaged changes in a file
git restore --staged <file>   # unstage a file (keep changes)
git revert <commit>           # create a new undo commit (safe, keeps history)
git reset --hard HEAD~1       # remove last commit and its changes (destructive)

Inspect

git log --oneline -10         # last 10 commits, compact view
git diff                      # unstaged changes
git diff --staged             # staged changes not yet committed
git show <commit>             # full details of a specific commit
git blame <file>              # who changed each line and when